What is a typical first aid treatment for a closed wound to reduce swelling?

• A. Apply 20 minutes of ice, 20 minutes off, and elevate the injured part.
• B. Apply heat for 15 minutes and rub.
• C. Massage area until pain stops.
• D. Keep limb in a fixed position with no elevation.

Answer: (A)

When swelling is present after a closed injury, the aim is to limit inflammation and help fluids drain away. The typical first aid is cold therapy in short cycles plus elevation. Applying ice for about 20 minutes at a time, then removing it for about 20 minutes before reapplying, helps constrict blood vessels, which reduces both swelling and pain. Elevating the injured part above heart level enhances drainage of fluids from the area, further lowering swelling.

Use a cloth or towel between the ice and the skin to prevent frostbite, and stop if the skin becomes numb, very pale, or feels painful. Heat, rubbing, or massaging the area can increase inflammation and delay healing, while keeping the limb fixed without elevation can trap fluids and worsen swelling. If swelling is severe, or if you have numbness, deformity, or inability to move the joint, seek medical care.