Which of the following are signs of abdominal injuries?

• A. Headache
• B. Severe pain. organs protruding, tender/swollen/rigid abdomen, bruising over the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, s&s of shock
• C. Rash
• D. Mild discomfort

Answer: (B)

Abdominal injuries tend to produce a cluster of serious warning signs that reflect damage inside the belly. Severe pain is common because organs and tissues are injured and the lining of the abdomen (the peritoneum) can become irritated. If an organ is protruding, that’s an open abdominal wound and is an urgent emergency. A tender, swollen, or rigid (board-like) abdomen shows the muscles tensing up to protect the area and suggests internal bleeding or peritoneal irritation. Bruising over the abdomen can indicate underlying bleeding under the skin. Nausea and vomiting often accompany abdominal trauma due to pain, bleeding, or disruption of the intestines. Signs of shock—such as pale or cool clammy skin, rapid or weak pulse, dizziness, or feeling faint—can develop as blood loss increases and circulation is affected. Together, these signs point to a potentially life-threatening injury that requires prompt medical evaluation.

Other symptoms like headache, rash, or mild discomfort do not indicate abdominal injury and don’t reflect the same level of risk to the area. If you encounter signs of abdominal injury, seek emergency help, and if safe, cover any protruding tissue with a moist sterile dressing and keep the person still while monitoring them.